Dry eyes can irritate and disrupt, even causing vision issues if left untreated. Although many people experience occasional dryness, ongoing symptoms often point to an underlying condition.
The main underlying causes of dry eye disease are meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and aqueous deficiency, each requiring a different approach to treatment.
At Bochner Eye Institute, esteemed ophthalmologist Dr. Raymond Stein, recognized as one of North America’s leading ophthalmology specialists, leads a talented team of dry eye disease experts. We use the most advanced eye care innovations to detect and resolve dry eye disease so you can enjoy great eye health and vision.
One of our focuses is patient education. Unfortunately, when it comes to dry eyes, many patients don’t have access to the information they need to understand it as a disease. Our blog today delves into the two main causes of dry eye disease and how we can help.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Blocked Glands
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) happens if the meibomian glands — the oil-producing glands above and below the eyelids — become clogged or inflamed.
These glands secrete oils that help prevent tears from evaporating too quickly. When they don’t work properly, tears are mainly composed of water. Too-watery tears dry out too quickly, failing to lubricate your eyes and causing common symptoms of dry eyes. Some common signs that your dry eyes could be caused by MGD include:
- Dryness
- Gritty Feeling: Like sand in the eyes
- Red Eyes
- Swollen Eyelids
- Light Sensitivity
- Blurry Vision
Watery eyes are one of the signs of MGD-caused dry eyes that surprise many people. While it sounds strange that watery eyes are a sign of dry eyes, it’s true! When your eyes don’t have enough oil and get too dry, you can experience reflex tearing. But those aren’t genuine tears and offer no lubrication to soothe your eyes.
Aqueous Deficiency: Not Enough Tears
Aqueous deficiency dry eye can develop if the lacrimal glands don’t make enough water to help maintain the proper tear balance. The causes of aqueous deficiency can include Sjögren’s disease, other autoimmune diseases, certain medications, hormone changes, and aging.
Aqueous deficiency dry eye causes many of the same issues as meibomian dry eye, although stinging sensations may be more common with aqueous dry eye.
Effective Treatments for Dry Eyes
Fortunately, several treatments can help with dry eye symptoms. Two effective examples are:
- Restasis: A prescription eye drop that reduces tear gland inflammation to boost tear production. It helps treat aqueous deficiency by encouraging natural tear flow.
- LipiFlow: A treatment specifically for MGD. It uses heat and light pressure to unclog the meibomian glands.
If you experience frequent dry eye symptoms, a consultation can help you find the right approach for lasting relief.
Dry Eye Treatment in Toronto
Bochner Eye Institute offers customized dry eye solutions to help restore comfort and quality of life. Call us in Toronto at 416-960-2020 to schedule your consultation.